Assessment of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts in Transesterification Reaction: A Mini Review

The utilization and production of biodiesel have seen a significant increase in recent years due to its numerous advantages over other biofuel products. Biodiesel can be produced through various methods, including transesterification, direct mixing, microemulsion, pyrolysis. Among these, transesterification is the most commonly employed method utilizes three types catalysts: enzymatic, homogeneous, heterogeneous. While enzymatic homogeneous catalysts are effective, they also present drawbacks, such as costly purification steps high water oil consumption. Heterogeneous catalysts, on hand, more favorable mitigate these negative aspects. Some challenges still exist with heterogeneous but overcome by manipulating their structure. use not only reduces overall cost reaction renders process environmentally friendly. study provides comprehensive overview biodiesel, characteristics, specifically, supports production. In addition, it examines impact parameters that affect yield.